tar
tar [options] [tarfile] [other-files]
Description
Copy files to or restore files from an archive medium. If any files are directories, tar acts on the entire subtree. Options need not be preceded by - (though they may be). The exception to this rule is when you are using a long-style option (such as --modification-time). In that case, the exact syntax is:tar--long-option -function-options files
For example:
tar --modification-time -xvf tarfile.tar
Function options
You must use exactly one of these, and it must come before any other options:
-c, --create
Create a new archive.
-d, --diff, --compare
Compare the files stored in tarfile with other-files. Report any differences: missing files, different sizes, different file attributes (such as permissions or modification time).
--delete
Delete from the archive. This option cannot be used with magnetic tape.
-r, --append
Append other-files to the end of an existing archive.
-t, --list
Print the names of other-files if they are stored on the archive (if other-files are not specified, print names of all files).
-u, --update
Add files if not in the archive or if modified.
-x, --extract, --get
Extract other-files from an archive (if other-files are not specified, extract all files).
-A, --catenate, --concatenate
Concatenate a second tar file to the end of the first.
Options
[drive] [density]Set drive (0-7) and storage density (l, m, or h, corresponding to low, medium, or high). Not available in all versions of tar.
--anchored
Exclude patterns must match the start of the filename (the default).
--atime-preserve
Preserve original access time on extracted files.
-b n, --blocking-factor=n
Set block size to n × 512 bytes.
--backup[=type]
Back up files rather than deleting them. If no backup type is specified, a simple backup is made with ~ as the suffix. (See also --suffix.) The possible values of type are:
t, numbered
Make numbered backups.
nil, existing
Make numbered backups if there are already numbered backups; otherwise make simple backups.
never, simple
Always make simple backups.
--checkpoint
List directory names encountered.
--exclude=pattern
Remove files matching pattern from any list of files.
-f file, --file=file
Store files in or extract files from archive file. Note that file may take the form hostname:filename.
--force-local
Interpret filenames in the form hostname:filename as local files.
-g file, --listed-incremental=file
Create new-style incremental backup.
--group=group
Use group as the group for files added to the archive.
-h, --dereference
Dereference symbolic links, and archive the files they point to rather than the symbolic link.
--help
Print help message and exit.
-i, --ignore-zeros
Ignore zero-sized blocks (i.e., EOFs).
--ignore-case
Ignore case when excluding files.
--ignore-failed-read
Ignore unreadable files to be archived. Default behavior is to exit when encountering these.
-j, --I, --bzip
Compress files with bzip2 before archiving them, or uncompress them with bunzip2 before extracting them.
-l, --one-file-system
Do not archive files from other filesystems.
-k, --keep-old-files
When extracting files, do not overwrite files with similar names. Instead, print an error message.
-m, --modification-time, --touch
Do not restore file modification times; update them to the time of extraction.
--mode=permissions
Use permissions when adding files to an archive. The permissions are specified the same way as for the chmod command.
--newer-mtime=date
Add only files whose contents have changed since date to the archive.
--no-anchor
Exclude patterns may match anything following a slash.
--no-ignore-case
Do not ignore case when excluding files.
--no-same-permissions
Do not extract permissions information when extracting files from the archive. This is the default for users, and therefore affects only the superuser.
--no-recursion
Do not move recursively through directories.
--no-same-owner
When extracting, create files with yourself as owner.
--no-wildcards
Don't use wildcards when excluding files; treat patterns as strings.
--no-wildcards-match-slash
Wildcards do not match / when excluding files.
--null
Allow filenames to be null-terminated with -T. Override -C.
--numeric-owner
Use the numeric owner and group IDs rather than the names.
-o, --old-archive, --portability
Create old-style archive in Unix V7 rather than ANSI format.
--overwrite
Overwrite existing files and directory metadata when extracting from archive.
--overwrite-dir
Overwrite existing directory metadata when extracting from archive.
--owner=owner
Set owner as the owner of extracted files instead of the original owner. owner is first assumed to be a username, then, if there is no match, a numeric user ID.
-p, --same-permissions, --preserve-permissions
Keep permissions of extracted files the same as the originals.
--posix
Create a POSIX-compliant archive.
--preserve
Equivalent to invoking both the -p and -s options.
--record-size=size
Treat each record as having size bytes, where size is a multiple of 512.
--recursion
Move recursively through directories.
--recursive-unlink
Remove existing directory hierarchies before extracting directories with the same name.
--remove-files
Remove originals after inclusion in archive.
--rsh-command=command
Do not connect to remote host with rsh; instead, use command.
-s, --same-order, --preserve-order
When extracting, sort filenames to correspond to the order in the archive.
--same-owner
When extracting, create files with the same ownership as the originals.
--show-omitted-dirs
List directories being omitted when operating on an archive.
--suffix=suffix
Use suffix instead of the default ~ when creating a backup file.
--totals
Print byte totals.
--use-compress-program=program
Compress archived files with program, or uncompress extracted files with program.
-v, --verbose
Verbose. Print filenames as they are added or extracted.
--version
Print version information and exit.
--volno-file=file
Use/update the volume number in file.
-w, --interactive, --confirmation
Wait for user confirmation (y) before taking any actions.
--wildcards
Use wildcards when excluding files.
--wildcards-match-slash
Wildcards match / when excluding files.
-z, --gzip, --gunzip, --ungzip
Compress files with gzip before archiving them, or uncompress them with gunzip before extracting them.
-B, --read-full-records
Reblock while reading; used for reading from 4.2BSD pipes.
-C directory, --directory=directory
cd to directory before beginning tar operation.
-F script, --info-script=script, --new-volume-script=script
Implies -M (multiple archive files). Run script at the end of each file.
-G, --incremental
Create old-style incremental backup.
-K file, --starting-file=file
Begin tar operation at file in archive.
-L length, --tape-length=length
Write a maximum of length × 1024 bytes to each tape.
-M, --multivolume
Expect archive to be multivolume. With -c, create such an archive.
-N date, --newer=date, --after-date=date
Ignore files older than date.
-O, --to-stdout
Print extracted files to standard output.
-P, --absolute-names
Do not remove initial slashes (/) from input filenames.
-R, --block-number
Display archive's block number in messages.
-S, --sparse
Treat sparse files more efficiently when adding to archive.
-T file, --files-from=file
Consult file for files to extract or create.
-U, --unlink-first
Remove each existing file from the filesystem before extracting from the archive.
-V name, --label=name
Name this volume name.
-W, --verify
Check archive for corruption after creation.
-X file, --exclude-from file
Consult file for list of files to exclude.
-Z, --compress, --uncompress
Compress files with compress before archiving them, or uncompress them with uncompress before extracting them.
Examples
Create an archive of /bin and /usr/bin (c), show the command working (v), and store on the tape in /dev/rmt0:tar cvf /dev/rmt0 /bin /usr/bin
List the tape's contents in a format like ls -l:
tar tvf /dev/rmt0
Extract the /bin directory:
tar xvf /dev/rmt0 /bin
Create an archive of the current directory and store it in a file backup.tar:
tar cvf - `find . -print` > backup.tar
(The - tells tar to store the archive on standard output, which is then redirected.)
Filter an archive through gzip, extracting the contents but leaving the original file compressed:
tar xvfz chapters.tar.gz
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